Medical brain notes 11

  Introduction   In last unit we learnt about certain factors that complicate pregnancy like structural and social conditions. In this unit we shall discuss more obstetric conditions that can hamper the smooth progress of pregnancy. This shall include multiple pregnancy, pregnancy induced hypertension, hydramnios, intrauterine death.   Objectives   By the time we conclude the discussion in this unit you would have been equipped with enough skills to:   ·                Identify deviation from normal pregnancy as you assess women in ante natal clinic   ·                Manage those conditions effectively   ·                Promote psychological coping mechanism in women with these conditions   ·        ...

  Intra Uterine Death of Fetus (IUD)   Definition :  This refers to the death of the fetus occurringafter 24 weeks of gestation resulting in stillbirth.   Types   There are two main categories of still birth or intra uterine death.   ·                Intra uterine death resulting in a fresh stillbirth   ·                Intra uterine death resulting in a macerated baby.   1 .  Fresh Still Birth   This is intra-uterine death occurring just before delivery and is usually caused by accidents in labour such as;   Cord prolapse, delay in second stage of labour ,prolonged labour and obstructed labour.   2.   Macerated Still Birth   This is an intra -uterine death when the fetus lies for 12-24hours within the uterine cavity and it usually occur in most cases before the onset of labour. ...

  Definition   Polyhydraminios which is often simply called Hydraminios has been defined as being a quantity of amniotic fluid which exceeds 1,500mls. The average volume of liquor in the latter half of pregnancy is between 500 – 1,500ml. The lower li mit of normal is 500mls of liquor amni while the upper limit of normal is 1,500mls. In most cases, the excess fluid accumulates gradually (chronic hydramnios) and is only noticed after 30 th  week. In a few exceptional cases, hydramnios occurs earlier and more quickly (acute hydramnios) and many of these cases are associated with uniovular twins.   Aetiological factors   Hydramnios occur more often in multiparae than in primigravidae. The mechanism of production of liquor amni is not quite understood; consequently the pathophysiology of hydramnios is obscure. Certain maternal and fetal conditions are however known to be associated with hydramnios.   Causes   Most times unknown   ·    ...