Medical brain notes 11

  Introduction   In this unit we shall examine those disease conditions that affect pregnancy. These are anemia, malaria and sexually transmitted diseases, cardiac diseases and tuberculosis Objective At the end of the lesson you will be able to   ·                Screen out women with anaemia in pregnancy   ·                Educate mothers on good nutrition   ·                Counsel women on precautionary measures to prevent malaria   ·                Treat common diseases in pregnancy like malaria, tuberculosis   ·                Manage women with cardiac diseases in pregnancy and labour   ·  ...

  Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Pregnancy   It is often aggravated by pregnancy, especially when no adequate care and nutrition is given. The woman appears to be improved in pregnancy, because the growing fundus presses on the diaphragm and splint the lung as a pneumothorax.   Diagnosis  - Loss of weight, night sweat, coughing and X-ray confirms the diagnosis.   Treatment Early detection and treatment is very important.   Colapse treatment till 36weeks.   X-ray chest for all expectant mothers.   TB has very little effect on pregnancy, nor is the baby usually infected in utero.   Constant supervision is necessary.   Treat anaemia.   In very advanced cases, especially if the home conditions are poor, a therapeutic abortion may be performed before the 12th week.   Labour ·                Sedation producing the maximum amount of rest. ·      ...

  Cardiac Diseases During pregnancy, certain changes occur in the cardiovascular system in order to meet the increase demands of the fetoplacental unit thus increasing the workload of the heart. This begins in early pregnancy until the 30 th  – 32  nd week when they are maintained until term. These changes include:   Increased cardiac output ,Increased blood volume ,Decreased peripheral resistance   Classification:   There are four grades   i.                    No symptoms during ordinary physical activity.   ii.                    Symptoms during ordinary physical activity   iii.                    Symptoms during mild physical activity   iv.     ...

  Anaemia : It is the reduction in the Oxygen carryingcapacity of the blood. It is the reduction in the quantity and quality of the red blood cells and haemoglobin levels.   Anaemia in Pregnancy:   It is a condition in pregnancy inwhich the hemoglobin level is less than 11g/dl and packed cell volume is less than 33%. Anaemia in pregnancy is a common cause of maternal mortality   There are 2 types of anaemia in pregnancy Physiological   Nutritional or pathological   Physiological Anaemia in Pregnancy   During pregnancy, the maternal blood ties to compensate for the blood being used by the fetus from the mother thereby causing increase plasma volume of the maternal blood which gradually increases by 50%. This usually occurs in the mid-trimester.   Also, there is increase in red blood cells towards the later part of pregnancy to about 25%. This results in haemodilution (which is an increase of plasma in the blood in proportion to the cells) which cau...