Medical brain notes 11

  Minor Discomforts Associated With Menstruation   1.             Headache, bloating, largely brought about by relaxation of smooth muscle caused by progesterone.   2.             Heaviness of the lower abdomen and legs.   3.             Tenderness and swelling of the breasts nipples fluids on the breast.   4.             Visual disturbance, some women may become sleepy.   5.             Impaired judgment careless mistakes especially during secretary phase.   6.             Increased activity of the skin   ·                Increased amount of vaginal disc...

  The Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system is made up two main parts.   1.             The External   2.             The internal parts       The External Organs   1. The Penis   It has its root in the perineum with the lower 2/3rd of the body suspended outside in front of the scrotal sac. It is made up of three bundles of spong-like erectitle tissues:   1.             2 the corporal cavernosa on the lateral columns in front of the urethra   2.             The corpus spongiosum on the posterior column which contains the urethra enclosed in a firm sheath of firm tissue with rich blood supply and covered with the skin. The skin continues with the scrotum and the groins. The skin double fold backwards on its...

  The Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system is made up two main parts.   1.             The External   2.             The internal parts       The External Organs   The Penis   It has its root in the perineum with the lower 2/3rd of the body suspended outside in front of the scrotal sac. It is made up of three bundles of spong-like erectitle tissues:   1.             2 the corporal cavernosa on the lateral columns in front of the urethra   2.             The corpus spongiosum on the posterior column which contains the urethra enclosed in a firm sheath of firm tissue with rich blood supply and covered with the skin. The skin continues with the scrotum and the groins. The skin double fold backwards on itself...

  The Male Hormones   The hypothalamus produces Gonadotrophin releasing factors which stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to produce follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). The FSH act on the seminiferous tubule to bring about production of sperm, while LH acts on the interstitial cells (Leydig) within the testes, which produce testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics - i.e. deepening of the voice, growth of the genitalia and growth of hair on the chest pubis, axilla and face, muscle mass development, strengthening of the bones and enlargement of the penis, scrotum, testes, prostate gland and seminal vesicle and all attribute to the influence of testosterone.  

  Formation of the Spermatozoa: Spermatogenes (Spermatogenesis)   Production of sperm starts at puberty and continues throughout life. Production takes place in the seminiferous tubules under the influence of FSH & testosterone. It takes some weeks (about 3 months) to mature. The matured sperm are stored in the epididymis.   About 2-5mls of semen is deposited at each ejaculation and 1ml contain about 100 million sperm/ml which move at a speed of approximately 2-3mm per minute. The scrotum produces an ideal temperature for production of sperm. Significant decrease or increase in temperature affects the testes ability to produce sperm.Illness, wearing of tight clothing, undue heat and exercise affect the temperature and can impair sprrmatogenesis .

  Sperm   The sperm is about 0.05mm long. only visible under microscope. It has a head, body and a fine long mobile tail which lashes to propel the sperm along. The tip of the head is covered by an acrosome which contains enzyme that dissolves the covering of the ovum in order to penetrate it.