Stages of labour

 Stages of labour 

Labour is described in three stages the fourth stages is the first one hour after the delivery of placenta.

 

1. The First Stage

“ This is the period from the onset of the true regular uterinecontractions until full dilatations of the cervical Os.” This is the period of cervical dilatation and it is described in phases.

 

Latent Phase: this is the period prior to active stage oflabour. Time from spontaneous onset of labour until the cervix is 3-4cm dilated and the cervix shortens from 3cm to 0.5cm long. It may last 6-8hours in primip but much shorter in multiparous, the line on the partogram remains horizontal.

 

Active phase: Is the period from 3-4cm to 10cm dilatation.The cervix undergoes more rapid dilatation, at the rate of about 1cm per hour. The line on the partogram rises rapidly. It last 2-6 hours but shorter in multiparous women.

 

2. Second Stage

 

This is that of expulsion of the fetus. “it is the period from full dilatation of the cervix and the urgue to push and ends when the fetus is expelled”.

 

3. The Third Stage

 

Is that of separation and expulsion of placenta and membranes and the control of bleeding. “That is from the birt h of the baby until the delivery of the placenta and membranes and bleeding is controlled”. Not affected by parity.


4. The fourth stage:

 

This is a period of one hour following the birth of placenta. This period is given recognition in order to emphasis the importance of continuous vigilance on the woman for the risk of post partum hemorrhage. Not affected by party. It is actually the first one hour in puerperium.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Placenta Development

  The Placenta Development   The survival of the fetus depends on the integrity and efficiency of the placenta. It performs the function which the fetus is unable to perform for itself in-utero.   Development:  The placenta originates from the tropholastic layerof the fertilized ovum which forms the chorionic villi. The chorionic villi become more profuse in the area which blood supply is richest. That is in the decidual basalis. This part is known as the  CHORIONIC FRONDOSUM  and it is what later develops into placenta. The capsular decidua later degenerate to form chorionic leave (bald chorium) from where the chorionic membrane is formed. These villi erode the maternal blood vessels opening them up to form a lake of maternal blood in which they float. Opened blood vessels are known as sinuses. Blood filled space is known as the intervilleous space. The maternal blood circulates around the villi slowly enabling it to absorb oxygen and nutrients and excrete...
Read more

The ureters

Image
  The ureters   These are the tubes that convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder; the upper end is funnel-shape where it merges with the pelvis of the kidneys. Each tube is about 25-30cm long 1 and 3mm in diameter. It runs from the renal hilum to the posterior wall of the bladder, pass down the posterior wall of the abdomen towards the pelvis, so remain outside the peritoneal cavity, beside the uterine cervix to enter the bladder from behind.   Structure The ureter is made up of three layers.   ·                Transitional Epithelium:  This forms the lining of theureter and is arranged in longitudinal folds.   ·                Muscular Layer:  This layer is composed of three fibers;inner longitudinal fibers, middle circular fibers and outer longitudinal fibers.   ·      ...
Read more